Operator
女士们、先生们,感谢各位的耐心等待。欢迎参加小牛电动2024年第四季度财报电话会议。目前所有参会者均处于只听模式。稍后我们将进行问答环节,届时将提供相关说明。请注意,今天的会议正在录音。如有异议,您现在可以断开连接。现在有请小牛电动投资者关系经理Kristal Li女士发言。李女士,请开始。
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to Niu Technologies Fourth Quarter 2024 Earnings Release Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session. Instructions will be given at that time. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. If you have any objections, you may disconnect at this time. I would like now to turn the conference over to Kristal Li, Investor Relations Manager of Niu Technologies. Ms. Li, please go ahead.
Kristal Li
谢谢主持人。大家好,欢迎参加今天讨论小牛电动2024年第四季度及全年业绩的电话会议。财报新闻稿、公司演示文稿和财务数据表格已发布在我们的投资者关系网站上。本次电话会议也在公司IR网站进行网络直播,会议录音将很快提供。请注意,今天的讨论将包含根据美国《1995年私人证券诉讼改革法案》安全港条款所作的前瞻性陈述。前瞻性陈述涉及风险、不确定性、假设和其他因素。公司的实际结果可能与今天表达的结果存在重大差异。有关风险因素的更多信息,请参阅公司向美国证券交易委员会提交的公开文件。除非法律要求,公司不承担更新任何前瞻性陈述的义务。我们的财报新闻稿和本次电话会议包含对某些非GAAP财务指标的讨论,新闻稿包含非GAAP财务指标的定义以及GAAP与非GAAP财务结果的调节表。今天与我一同参加电话会议的有我们的首席执行官李彦博士和首席财务官周菲女士。现在,请将电话会议交给首席执行官李彦。
Kristal Li
Thank you, operator. Hello, everyone. Welcome to today's conference call to discuss Niu Technologies' results for the fourth quarter and full year 2024. The earnings press release, corporate presentation and financial spreadsheets have been posted on our Investor Relations website. This call is being webcast from our company's IR site as well, and a replay of the call will be available soon. Please note, today's discussion will contain forward-looking statements made under the safe harbor provision of the US Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors. The company's actual results may be materially different from those expressed today. Further information regarding the risk factors included in the company's public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The company does not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Our earnings press release and this call include discussion of certain non-GAAP financial measures, and press release contains a definition of non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial results. On the call with me today are our CEO, Dr. Yan Li, and CFO, Ms. Fion Zhou. Now, let me turn the call over to CEO, Yan.
Yan Li
翻译中...
Yan Li
Thank you, Kristal. Hello, everyone. Thank you for joining us today. So, in the fourth quarter of 2024, we achieved a total sales volume of 226,600 units, marking a significant 65% year-over-year growth. Behind this strong performance was 65% year-over-year increase in sales volume in China, reaching 182,000 units, and 64% year-over-year growth in overseas with 44,000 units sold. Total revenue for the fourth quarter was RMB819 million, reflecting a 71% increase compared with same period last year. Those results closed out the financial year for 2024 on a strong note. For the full year, we recorded total sales volume of 924,000 units, representing a 30% year-over-year increase. Total revenue for the year reached RMB3.29 billion, up 24% from 2023. This rebound in growth underscores the effectiveness of our strategic initiatives. Throughout 2024, we remained focused on expanding our product offerings, strengthening sales channels and broaden our market reach. Our return on growth trajectory is a testament to all those efforts. As we build on this momentum, we remain committed to refine our strategy to achieve ambitious targets and adapt to evolving market dynamics. So, taking a closer look at our performance in China, sales volume reached 182,000 units in this quarter. Our focused product portfolio emphasized on technology innovation, expanded sales channel and the targeted market initiatives were key drivers for the strong domestic performance. For the entire year of 2024, we remained laser-focused in refining our signature product lineup, emphasizing our core N, M and U series, while also introducing the new F series as a key addition. We expanded our bestseller strategy, further strengthening our leadership in the mid- to high-end segments with robust and competitive product portfolios. Beyond innovation, we took extra steps to prioritize product safety by subjecting our models to rigorous testing standards. Niu became the first brand in the market to receive a five-star safety certification from China Merchant Vehicle Research Institute. In 2024, we continued to elevate our legacy of N series, reinforcing our status as Niu's most recognized and bestseller product line across multiple market segments. At the premium-end, we introduced the NX and NXT series, the most powerful and high-performance two-wheeler Niu has ever produced. Built on the shared platform, the NX and NXT incorporate our most-advanced smart riding technologies, include the dual-channel ABS, a full-color TFT display with screen mirroring navigation, millimeter-wavelength radar and adaptive traction control, setting new standard for performance and safety. Within this lineup, the NX Hyper stands as a flagship model engineered from racing enthusiasts, featuring a motor with a peak output of 29 kilowatts, a top speed of 135 kilometer per hour and [indiscernible] suspension braking system, delivering exceptional rider experience. With the top performance of NX, it's also built with riding safety in mind. The NX is the first electric motorcycle in China to earn a five-star safety certification. Beyond the high-performance NX and NXT series, we also expanded N series lineup earlier this year with the launch of N Play and NT Play. Those stylish and compact model quickly gained popularity among young riders for their affordability and trend-driving design. The N Play electric motorcycle and NT Play electric bicycle retain the iconic N series look while incorporating smart features such as keyless ignition, TCS traction control, and the push assist, significantly enhancing riders' convenience and safety. With those additions, the N series now [extend] (ph) from lightweight electric bicycles to high-performance motorcycles, making Niu the most diverse and best-selling product line. In 2024, the N series alone accounted for 39% of our total sales volume in China, a substantial increase from just 5% in 2023, demonstrating a strong market demand and the effectiveness of our focused product strategy. Besides N series, we also built a success on top of our M models. We have further strengthened our M series by launching an upgraded version of our classic model. In 2024, we introduced the new MT as the evolution of M series with a fresh and trend-focused upgrade design for the Gen Z users. Returning the classic M series design language, the MT introduced new color options, enhanced the rider comfort and smart features. Its lightweight and compact frame make it ideal for female riders and first-time users. And the last signature series we focused on upgrading is our U series. We launched two core products during 2024, the UMAX and U1e. The UMAX is a product designed for young riders who seek a blend of style, comfort and high performance. With a larger form factor, UMAX enhance visual appeals and riding comfort, it boosts the impressive 160-kilometer range and boosts driving modes for rapid acceleration. The U1e is our first female-focused scooter, which upgrades with new color schemes, economic improvement in handle and seat positions and easy-to-use smart functionalities and also option to include a baby seat among its accessories. Now, besides the N, M and U series, in 2024, we further expanded our core lineup with the launch of FX motorcycles, which has quickly become a recognizable and stylish alternative alongside our classic [halo like] (ph) N, M, U series. The FX series embodies the sporty design, featuring eagle-eye highlights and the intricate design details, adding sophistication and bold presence to its [lineup] (ph). The FX Pro version leading in performance equipped with 45 amp-hour batteries, a 1,500-watts motor, and top speed of 55 kilometers per hour, and an impressive range of 130 kilometers. The FX series is also debuted as part of co-branding initiative with Game for Peace, one of China's top mobile gaming with 70 million MAUs. This collaboration introduced a limited edition model inspired by the game's look, providing fans and riders with unique line of style performance and the cultural relevance. The co-branded FX series strengthened Niu's position in pop culture, expanding brand awareness and engagement among younger riders. Now, by focusing in our core series and the strategic launch products tailored to specific customers' needs, we have reinforced our leadership in urban mobility. The market's strong reception of these models underscore effectiveness of our focused product strategy, driving both volume growth and brand recognition. In 2024, our core product series, the N, M, U and F accounted for 87% of our total sales volume in China. Now, looking forward in 2025, we remain committed in our focused product strategy, enhance our core Niu product series, while ensuring a broader market coverage to meet the diverse needs of riders. We have exciting new product in pipeline, incorporating innovations and key upgrades to adapt the evolving market dynamics and specific user demands. Now, alongside with our product strategy, our commitment to develop a cutting-edge technology is also reflected in the significant investment and progress we have made. In 2024, we're focused on enhancing the riding technology, including key features such as dual-channel ABS, screen mirroring navigation, millimeter-wave radar, full-color TFT display with [indiscernible], all of which has been well received by our users. In 2025, we are further advancing rider intelligence with focused on three core pillars: the seamless riding experience, the AI smart control assistance and the smart ecosystems. Those innovations will redefine the riding experience, bringing new level of intelligence, safety and connectivity to our scooters. To create a more seamless intuitive interaction between riders and scooters, we plan to smart hardware advancement that prioritize personalization, convenience and intelligence, such as building high-definition touchscreen with integrated operating systems. Our AI-driven riding assistance enhance responsiveness and adaptability, such as voice and gesture-based control. And last but not least, our smart ecosystem broadens the functionality of our new product through partnerships with third-party ecosystems. Now, alongside our product technology advancement, we have made significant strides in expanding our sales channels, ensuring our product reach a broader consumer base. With a strong focus on penetrating the previously underrepresented market in China, we have strategically expanded our retail footprint. In 2024, we successfully opened approximately 900 new stores, leveraging the momentum from our new product launches and refreshed brand positioning. Among those 900 stores, around 50% of them opened in the Tier 3 cities, representing our efforts in spending the lower-tier cities. Now, with the regained channel momentum, in 2025, we plan to open another 1,000 to 1,500 stores, further strengthening our market presence. As our sales channel expansion accelerates, we expect to see a direct impact on sales volume growth in these coming quarters. Now, in 2024, we focused our marketing effort on targeting premium consumers and Gen Z riders, further solidifying Niu's brand presence through a key product launches, strategic IP collaboration and extensive social media outreach. Those initiatives have strengthened brand recognition. In August, we received official certification from authorized market research institute, recognized Niu as the leading global brand in premium smart electric two-wheelers. To mark the launch of NX Hyper, we debuted with a series of high-profile ride tests, including the China [first track] (ph) standard test drive event for electric two-wheelers. Held in Beijing, this event attracted over 100 media professionals, industry experts and influencers, providing an unparalleled first-time experience of NX Hyper exceptional performance. By setting a new performance benchmark within the electric motorcycle segments, NX Hyper has reinforced Niu's premium brand positioning. Now, to broaden our brand influence and deepen our connection with Gen Z consumers, we leveraged high-impact IP collaborations, including e-sports partnerships, active participation in animation exhibitions and a series of offline campus events across 130-plus universities. One of our most significant collaboration was with Game of Peace, a top mobile game with 70 million MAUs. Through this partnership, Niu introduced two co-branded scooters featuring game-inspired theme and a limited edition design, seamlessly blended digital entertainment with the real-world riding experience. In 2024, we also implemented a matrix marketing approach to enhance the brand communication and digital engagement. Our strategy integrated Niu's own original brand content across the four official brand accounts, the original customized content with 40-plus localized accounts and the store-level self-operated content across 3,000-plus store accounts, creating a scalable and highly-effective social media matrix. This multi-tiered strategy has generated over 20 billion views, marking a 5x increase compared to our 2023 efforts. Now, turning into the overseas market. The overseas market witnessed a substantial 54% growth in sales volume in Q4 and reaching a 52% volume growth in the full year of 2024. This year, Niu's overseas segment demonstrated strong growth, driven by strategic market expansion and operational optimization. We continue to develop our two core product lines, electric two wheelers and the micro mobility, while strengthening our foundation in product innovation, operation and brand positioning. In the electric two-wheeler segment, we leverage our cutting-edge technology and unique design products, adopting them to local market needs. A key focus in 2024 was establishing direct distribution operation in our core markets, such as Germany, Italy, France and the United States. We laid the foundation for direct distribution by setting up local entities, hiring team, onboarding partners and developing a localized sales network. With the infrastructure in place, we'll expand our sales network to over 120 active dealers by year-end and plan to double this number by first half of 2025. Our electric two-wheeler product lineup in 2024 also [expand] (ph) daily-commuting electric moped to high-speed and high-performance electric motorcycles. In Q4 2024, we showcased our key electric motorcycles at EICMA in Milan, Italy, reinforced our presence in the premium electric motorcycle space. As part of our product expansion strategy, we launched the NX series, the international version of NX premium motorcycle, and the F series, the global adaptation of our F series. Both product lines were well received in the key market, generating industry attention and strong preorders. We also upgraded our off-road motorcycle, XQi3, with OTA upgrade and boost power to 10.6 kilowatts, improved acceleration and reached a top speed of 80 kilometers per hour. Our XQi3 has also received the prestige iF Design Awards 2025, making another legendary new product. Now, for the micro mobility market, in 2024, we prioritized expanding retail channels in key markets, strengthening our sales network and market presence. The expansion drove a significant volume growth. Our retail footprint now includes 800-plus stores in Best Buy, 160 stores in Walmart, and 1,000 stores in Kohl's, and 200 stores in MediaMarkt in Germany and the full coverage in [EXPED] (ph), ensure wide accessibility with greater brand visibility across major global retail chains. However, on the micro mobility market, we faced significant headwinds in 2024 due to the US tariff increase on the China export, which rose from 0% to 25% last year on the key micro mobility product. The sudden cost surge yield margins, leading to a negative gross margin on our product shipped from China to the US for the large part of the year in 2024. To mitigate those challenges, we initiated setting up production of US version of kick-scooters and micro mobility product in Southeast Asia starting in the second half of Q4 -- second half of 2024. Now, in January 2025, we successfully shipped our first South Asia local manufactured units to United States, marking a crucial step towards supply chain optimization. Now, looking forward, we remain highly optimistic about the China market and overseas market. Now, for the China market, building on the strong foundation established in 2024, on the product side over the past year, we refocused our product portfolio around our core N, M, U and F series, reinforcing our leadership in key market segments. Our smart technology advancement have also shown early signs of success with strong traction from customers and a clear roadmap for further innovations in 2025. We're also standardizing our key product platforms, which will improve the R&D process and also reduce the BOM costs. This will help us to improve the gross margin in the China market, which already reflected the early success in Q1 2025. The technology advancement and standardized platform has also prepared us well to roll out two new series for 2025 in China, one to address the new electric bicycle standard in China and one to address the premium motorcycles. On the sales channel in China, we have also regained channel momentum as we added around 900 stores in 2024 for the first time in the last three years. We're in the process of rolling out the [indiscernible] upgrade for our retail stores, which will be implemented for the 1,000 and 1,500 new stores targeted this year. Now, lastly, with the new product rollout of the channel expansion, we also plan to increase our branding and marketing effort significantly in 2025 in China, targeting a broader range of consumer segments, both online and offline. We plan to ride this momentum game in the key social media platform in 2024 and triple our online exposures in 2025. We have observed early signs in fast growth in Q1 this year with our retail sales year-to-date increased by 50%-plus. We plan to continue to ride this growth momentum for the rest of the year. Now, for the overseas market in 2025, we expect our strategic effort to drive tangible growth across key markets. The electric two-wheeler segment is poised for a strong rebound with our initial operation setup completed and a well-established local sales network now in place. All the key products are already debuted in EICMA 2024 and received well responses from dealers and consumers. The upgraded XQi3 will also provide additional growth catalyst for the off-road motorcycle car market. The 120 existing dealers and additional 100-plus new dealers will help to drive the retail growth. For the micro mobility market, we have reached a solid retail coverage in the key countries by end of 2024. Those will provide solid foundation for the baseline growth for 2025. In addition, we expect to enter new retailers in the key markets, such as Italy, France and United States. While the kick scooter market has faced short-term challenges due to the increased tariffs, our supply chain adjustments are now fully implemented, position us to restore profitability and drive sustainable growth in the coming quarters. Now, with those initiatives in place, we expect to reach 1.3 million to 1.6 million unit sales for the year of 2025. With that, let me turn the call to Fion.
Fion Zhou
谢谢,Yan,大家好。请注意,我们的新闻稿包含了您需要的所有数据和对比信息,同时我们已将Excel格式的数据上传至投资者关系网站,供您方便参考。在我回顾财务业绩时,除非特别说明,我指的是第四季度的数据。所有货币数据如无特别说明,均以人民币计。正如Yan刚才提到的,我们第四季度的总销量为227,000辆,较去年同期增长65%。具体来说,中国市场销量为182,000辆,占总销量的80%;海外市场销量为44,000辆,约占20%。2024年全年总销量为924,000辆,其中中国市场759,000辆,海外市场165,000辆。第四季度总收入为8.19亿元人民币,较去年同期增长71%。按区域细分电动滑板车收入:中国市场电动滑板车收入为6.46亿元人民币,同比增长82%,占总电动滑板车收入的88%。增长主要得益于中国市场销量和单车收入的提升。中国电动滑板车平均售价(ASP)达到3,544元人民币,环比增长15%,同比增长10%。海外电动滑板车收入(包括电动滑板车、电动轻便摩托车和电动摩托车)为8,700万元人民币,占总电动滑板车收入的12%。品牌滑板车平均售价下降至近2,000元人民币,同比下降约10%,主要受电动滑板车销售贡献比例提高的驱动。配件、备件及服务收入为8,600万元人民币,同比增长33%,约占总收入的10%。增长主要得益于中国和国际市场配件备件销售的增加。2024年全年,总收入增长24%至33亿元人民币。中国电动滑板车整体收入同比增长近28%,达到26亿元人民币。海外学校收入增长14%至3.97亿元人民币。海外总收入(包括滑板车和非滑板车业务)贡献了近13%的总收入。让我们看看2024年的平均售价。整体滑板车平均售价从3,323元人民币微降至3,203元人民币。其中,中国滑板车平均售价从3,344元人民币上升至3,377元人民币,主要受高端系列销量占比提升的推动,该系列具有更高的平均售价。海外品牌滑板车平均售价为2,402元人民币,下降25%,原因是海外产品组合的变化,其中电动滑板车约占海外滑板车总销量的98%。第四季度毛利率为12.4%,较去年同期下降6.6个百分点。整体毛利率下降主要受海外产品组合变化和美国25%关税的影响,这两点我们上季度已提及。此外,年末海外假日季促销活动进一步影响了本季度的利润率。这三个因素对海外及整体毛利率均产生了负面影响。然而,中国毛利率较上季度改善了1.5个百分点。2024年全年,我们的毛利率为15.2%,低于去年的21.5%,同比下降6.3个百分点。其中2.6个百分点的下降由海外因素驱动,包括低利润率产品组合、美国25%关税以及假日季平台激励措施。另外3.7个百分点的毛利率下降由国内市场驱动,因为我们持续分配部分利润以支持国内分销合作伙伴。此外,我们的高端铅酸摩托车相比同级别锂离子车型利润率较低。第四季度运营费用为1.93亿元人民币,较去年同期减少5,300万元人民币。销售及营销费用为1.36亿元人民币,较去年减少5,500万元人民币,主要原因是海外市场租金及广告促销活动的减少。研发费用为3,900万元人民币,较2023年第四季度增加300万元人民币,主要由于员工成本和股权激励费用的增加。一般及行政费用为1,800万元人民币,同比减少约100万元人民币,主要由于坏账准备减少了100万元人民币。2024年全年,运营费用为7.5亿元人民币,较2023年下降16%。运营费用占收入比例约为23%。销售及营销费用为4.9亿元人民币,较去年减少600万元人民币,约占收入的15%。研发费用为1.3亿元人民币,较去年减少2,100万元人民币,约占收入的4%。一般及行政费用为1.31亿元人民币,较去年减少约1.14亿元人民币,约占收入的4%。非公认会计准则运营费用为7.27亿元人民币,占收入的22%,而2023年为32%。第四季度,我们净亏损7,300万元人民币,非公认会计准则净亏损6,700万元人民币。全年来看,我们净亏损1.93亿元人民币,非公认会计准则净亏损1.69亿元人民币。转向资产负债表和现金流。年末我们拥有现金、受限现金、定期存款和短期投资共计11亿元人民币。全年经营现金流为流入5,500万元人民币,主要原因是调整非现金项目后实现了净收入。我们第四季度资本支出为3,800万元人民币。全年资本支出为1.2亿元人民币,较去年增加4,100万元人民币,原因是国内市场的门店扩张和模块成本。现在,让我们转向业绩指引。我们预计第一季度收入将在6.31亿元人民币至7.07亿元人民币之间,同比增长25%至40%。正如Yan刚才提到的,2025年销量预计在130万辆至160万辆之间。请注意,此展望基于截至发布日期的可用信息,反映了公司当前和初步的预期,可能因各种因素的不确定性而发生变化。至此,我们现在开放电话会议,回答大家可能提出的问题。主持人,请继续。
Fion Zhou
Thank you, Yan, and hello, everyone. Please note that our press release contains all the figures and comparisons you need, and we have also uploaded Excel format figures to our IR website for your easy reference. As I review our financial results, I'm referring to the fourth quarter figures unless I say otherwise. And all monetary figures are in RMB, if not specified. As Yan just mentioned, our total sales volume for the fourth quarter was 227,000 units, an increase of 65% compared to the same period of last year. Specifically speaking, China sales volume was 182,000 units, 80% of the total sales volume and overseas was 44,000 units, taking around 20% of the total sales volume. And for the full year 2024, the total sales volume was 924,000 units, including 759,000 units in China and 165,000 units overseas. Total revenue for the fourth quarter was RMB819 million, up 71% compared to the same period of last year. To break down the scooter revenues by ranging, scooter revenues in China were RMB646 million, up 82% year-over-year and represented 88% of the total scooter revenues. The increase was mainly due to the increased sales volume and revenue per scooter in China. China e-scooters ASP reached RMB3,544, 15% higher on a quarter-over-quarter basis and 10% higher on a year-over-year basis. The overseas scooter revenue, including kick-scooters, e-mopeds and e-motorcycles, were RMB87 million, representing 12% of the total e-scooter revenues. The branded scooter ASP decreased to nearly RMB2,000, down around 10% year-over-year and mainly driven by the higher sales contribution of the kick-scooters. Accessory, spare parts and services revenue were RMB86 million, up 33% year-over-year and representing nearly 10% of the total revenues. The increase was mainly due to an increase in accessory spare part sales in both China and international markets. For the full year 2024, the total revenue increased by 24% to RMB3.3 billion. China scooter revenue as a whole saw nearly 28% year-over-year lift to RMB2.6 billion. The overseas school revenue increased by 14% to RMB397 million. The total overseas revenue, including scooters and non-scooters contributed to nearly 13% of the total revenues. And let's take a look at ASP in 2024. The overall scooter ASP saw slightly decreased from RMB3,323 to RMB3,203. Among this, the China scooter ASP increased from RMB3,344 to RMB3,377 and driven by an increase in proportion of the premium series sales volume, which has a higher ASP. The overseas branded scooter ASP was RMB2,402, a 25% decrease due to the change in the overseas product mix, with the kick-scooter accounting for approximately 98% of the total overseas scooter sales volume. And the gross margin for the fourth quarter was 12.4%, a decrease of 6.6 ppt compared to the same period of last year. And the decline in the overall gross margin was primarily driven by the shift in the overseas product mix and 25% in the US tariff, both of which we mentioned last quarter. In addition, the year-end overseas holiday season incentives further impacted the margin this quarter. And these three factors negatively impacted both overseas and overall gross margins. However, the China gross margin improved by 1.5 ppt compared to last quarter. For the full year 2024, our gross margin was 15.2%, down from 21.5% in the previous year, representing a year-over-year decline of 6.3 ppt, a 2.6 ppt decrease driven by the overseas factors, a lower-margin product mix and the 25% US tariff and the platform incentives during the holiday season. And the other 3.7 ppt gross margin declined driven by the domestic market as we continue to allocate a portion of our margins to support the domestic distribution partners. Additionally, our premium lead-acid motorcycles yield lower margins compared to the same tier lithium-ion models. Fourth quarter OpEx was RMB193 million, RMB53 million lower than the same period of last year. Selling and marketing expenses were RMB136 million, RMB55 million lower than last year and mainly due to the decrease in rental and advertising and promotion activities in overseas market. Research and development expenses were RMB39 million, RMB3 million higher than the fourth quarter of 2023, mainly due to the increase in staff costs and share-based compensation. And G&A expenses were RMB18 million, around RMB1 million lower on an annual basis, mainly due to the decrease in allowance of doubtful accounts of RMB1million. For the full year 2024, the OpEx was RMB750 million, 16% lower than 2023. And operating expenses as a percentage of revenue was nearly 23%. Selling and marketing expenses were RMB490 million, RMB6 million lower than last year and about 15% of the revenues. Research and development expenses were RMB130 million, RMB21 million lower than last year, about 4% of revenues. And G&A expenses were RMB131 million, around RMB114 million lower than last year, about 4% of revenues. Non-GAAP OpEx were RMB727 million, representing 22% of revenue compared to 32% in 2023. In the fourth quarter, we had a net loss of RMB73 million and non-GAAP net loss of RMB67 million. On a full year basis, we had a net loss of RMB193 million and non-GAAP net loss of RMB169 million. Turning to our balance sheet and cash flow. We ended the year with RMB1.1 billion in cash, restricted cash, term deposit and short-term investments. On an annual basis, operating cash flow was inflow RMB55 million, primarily because we made a net income after adjusting for non-cash items. And our Q4 CapEx was RMB38 million. For the full year, CapEx was RMB120 million, RMB41 million higher than last year because of the store expansion and module cost in the domestic market. And now, let's turn to guidance. We expected the first quarter revenue will be in the range of RMB631 million to RMB707 million, an increase of 25% to 40% year-over-year. And the sales volume for 2025 are expected to be in the range of 1.3 million to 1.6 million units, as Yan just mentioned. Please be aware that this outlook is based on the information available as of the date and reflects the company's current and preliminary expectations, which is subject to change due to uncertainties related to various factors. And with that, let's now open the call for any questions that you may have for us. Operator, please go ahead.
Operator
谢谢。[操作员说明] 第一个问题来自中金公司的陈雅婷。您的线路现已接通。
Operator
Thank you. [Operator Instructions] And the first question comes from Yating Chen with CICC. Your line is now open.
Yating Chen
您好。我是中金公司的陈雅婷。我有两个问题。第一个问题是,您对2025年电动滑板车的销售目标是多少?考虑到电动滑板车业务实现盈利的困难,您对该业务的长期规划是什么?这是我的第一个问题。
Yating Chen
Hello. This is Yating from CICC. And I have two questions. The first question is, what is your sales target for kick-scooters in 2025? And considering the difficulty of achieving profitability in the kick-scooter business, what is your long-term plan for this business? This is my first question.
Yan Li
我认为这是个很好的问题。关于电动滑板车,我们预计——去年我们销售了大约16万多台。所以,我们预计2025年增长率大约在30%到50%之间。我认为对于电动滑板车业务,投资者过于担心盈利能力问题。过去几年的问题主要是,第一,实际上是由于预期美国关税较高。正如我们在电话会议中提到的,这个问题从去年开始得到解决,但真正从东南亚制造的首批滑板车进入市场是在今年1月。实际上,关税今年可能从25%提高到45%。所以,所有厂商——或者说所有产品,所有厂商实际上都提高了在美国的零售价格。这实际上为我们提供了良好的利润空间。因此,我们预计电动滑板车业务今年将恢复盈利。
Yan Li
So, I think it's a good question. So, for the kick-scooters, we're looking at probably -- last year, we did about 160,000-plus units. So, we're looking at anywhere between roughly 30% growth to -- 30% to 50% growth for 2025. I think with the kick-scooters business, I think investors are too concerned about profitability. The issue with the last couple of years are, one, it's actually due to the high US tariff expected. And that -- as we mentioned in the call, that's being actually addressed starting to address last year, but really the first scooter being out of market is really from Southeast Asia manufacturing, actually, January this year. And actually, the tariff will [now be] (ph) higher from 25% to potential 45% this year. So, all players -- or all product, all players actually increased the retail price in the United States. So that actually basically gave us a good room for margins. So, we expect the kick-scooters actually to return profitable this year.
Yating Chen
好的。非常感谢。我的第二个问题是关于国内市场。考虑到您的新产品规划和渠道扩张计划,您对2025年国内市场的平均售价和毛利率有何展望?因为我们看到2024年第四季度的毛利率出现了显著下降。
Yating Chen
Okay. Thank you very much. And my second question is about domestic market. Considering your new product planning and the channel expansion plans, what is your outlook for average selling price and the gross profit margin in domestic market in 2025? Because we have seen a significant decline of gross profit margin in 4Q '24.
Fion Zhou
好的。我是Fion。我来回答这个问题。实际上,2025年我们已经完成了第一季度。由于消费市场的趋势,我们的高端或所谓的尊享系列产品在消费者需求中仍然很受欢迎,这意味着零售价——我们的大部分销售额来自零售价超过5000元人民币的产品。这与2024年保持在同一水平。今年,由于我们将推出多个系列的新车型,正如Yan刚才提到的,为了展示我们产品的智能功能和设计优势,我们将在国内两轮车市场保持高端市场参与者的地位。我们预计国内市场的平均售价不会下降,但可能会略有上升,但不会出现大幅增长。目前,我们的尊享系列几乎占国内销售额的70%。因此,在2025年,我们预计高端和大众高端产品系列的集中度将有助于我们在国内市场的平均售价实现小幅增长。谈到国内市场的毛利率,实际上,随着国内市场销量的增长,我们可能会从规模经济中受益,特别是在物料清单成本方面,以及其他生产成本,如员工成本和模块成本的摊销,这些非物料清单成本将有助于提高国内产品的毛利率。我们也在考虑将部分利润让给销售分销合作伙伴,以便他们在2025年重新获得这些毛利,但这仍在决策过程中。随着新门店的持续开设,如果我们成功扩大门店规模,我们将推迟这些利润的回收。但这两个因素都将为毛利率带来上行空间。其中任何一个都将有助于提高国内毛利率。因此,关于平均售价和毛利率,我们预计2025年将产生积极影响。
Fion Zhou
Okay. This is Fion. I'll take this question. Actually, in 2025, we already finished the quarter one. Due to the trends from the consumer markets, our high-end or so-called the premium series products are still popular in our -- from our consumers' demand, which means the retail price -- the majority of the our sales are coming from the retail price above RMB5,000. This is maintained the same level in 2024. And this year, since we are going to launch several series of the new models, as Yan just mentioned, to demonstrate our product smart functions and also the design advantages, we are going to maintain the high-end market player in the two-wheeler market in the domestic markets. And we expect the ASP in the domestic market will not drop, but we may expect it a slightly increase in our ASP in the domestic market, but not a dramatic increase in ASP. Since right now, our premium series are almost the 70% in our domestic sales. So, in 2025, we expect the concentration among the premium and the mass premium product series, which will help us to get that slightly increase in the ASP in domestic markets. And talking about the gross margin in the domestic market, actually, along with the sales volume in the domestic market increase, we may get the benefit from the scale of the economy, especially in the BOM cost, and also the other production costs like the staff cost and the amortization on the module cost, those non-BOM cost, which will help us to improve the gross margin in the domestic market product. And we also think about the extra portion of the margin give up on the -- to our sales distributor partners when they think about to regain those gross profits from 2025, but it's still in the decision making process. Along with the new stores opened, continued, if we get the success store expansion, we will delay those profits getting back. And -- but both factors will give us an upside from -- in the gross margin. Either of them will help us improve the domestic gross margin. So, regarding the ASP and gross margin, we'll expect a positive effect in 2025.
Yating Chen
感谢您的分享。非常清晰。我们期待公司在2025年的积极变化。非常感谢。我的问题就这些。
Yating Chen
Thank you for your sharing. It's very clear. And we are -- and we expect the company's -- the positive change in 2024 -- 2025. Thank you very much. That's all my questions.
Operator
[接线员指示] 下一个问题来自国泰君安证券的[Allen Lee](音译)。您的线路已接通。
Operator
[Operator Instructions] And our next question will come from [Allen Lee] (ph) with Guotai Junan Securities. Your line is open.
Unidentified Analyst
好的。能听到我说话吗?
Unidentified Analyst
Okay. Can you hear me?
Fion Zhou
是的,很清楚。请讲。
Fion Zhou
Yes, clearly. Please go ahead.
Unidentified Analyst
好的。感谢回答我的问题。我有两个问题。第一个是,我们已经提供了年度销售指引,显示出较高的增长率。请问您能否提供2025年的预期净利润率指引?公司在未来两三年内能够实现多少净利润率?
Unidentified Analyst
Okay. Thank you for taking my questions. I have two questions here. The first one is that we have provided guidance on annual sales, which shows a high growth rate. May I ask if you can provide guidance on the expected net profit margin by 2025? And how much net profit margin can the company achieve within two or three years?
Fion Zhou
实际上,2025年对我们来说是一个复苏之年。我们目前还不打算向市场披露净利润数据。但2025年,我们能够实现整体上市公司的盈利。不过,由于我们将按季度发布业绩报告,这个频率足以让投资者跟踪我们的净利润表现。通常,我们会遵循其他美国上市公司的普遍做法。我们只提供销量指引,而非营收指引。营收指引我们会在每个季度提供。
Fion Zhou
Well, actually 2025 is a recovering year to us. And we are not going to share the net profit with the market yet. But 2025, we are able to get the profitability overall -- for the overall listing co. But we will -- since we are going to release the quarter results every quarter, this frequency is good enough for the investors to follow us on the performance on the net profit. So normally, we will follow the general practice as the other US listing company. We only provided the guidance to the sales volume, not the top-line. Top-line, we will give the guidance every quarter.
Unidentified Analyst
好的。我的第二个问题是,预计2025年哪个季度公司净利润将从亏损转为盈利?
Unidentified Analyst
Okay. And my second question is that, which quarter in 2025 is expected to see the company's net profit turn from loss to profit, yes?
Fion Zhou
这个问题很好。实际上,第一季度是我们行业的淡季。这个行业季节性很强。对于其他竞争对手来说,第一季度同样也是淡季。我们预计在第二季度实现季度盈利,也就是从4月到6月这三个月,今年我们将获得季度利润。实际上,第二季度每年也是第二个旺季。它通常占全年营收的25%到30%。对于国际市场而言,第二季度无论天气还是物流都恢复正常水平。国内和国际市场在第二季度都步入正轨。因此,我们预计第二季度将实现盈利。
Fion Zhou
Well, good question. Actually, the quarter -- first quarter is the lag quarter in our industry. This industry is quite seasonal. So, for the other competitors, actually, the first quarter is the last season as well. We expect to see the quarterly profit in the second quarter, which means from April to June, those three months, we will get the quarterly profits this year. Actually, the second quarter is also kind of like the second peak quarter every year. It will contain around 25% to 30% of the revenue each year. And also for the international market, the second quarter, no matter the weather or the logistic, back into the normal level. And both the domestic market and international market are right on the right track in the second quarter. So, we expected the second quarter will be the profit.
Unidentified Analyst
很好。感谢您回答我的问题。我的问题就这些。
Unidentified Analyst
Great. Thank you for answering my question. That's all.
Operator
目前,我没有看到队列中有更多问题。现在请将电话交还给李先生做结束发言。
Operator
At this time, I show no further questions in the queue. I would now like to turn the call back over to Mr. Li for closing remarks.
Yan Li
谢谢主持人,也感谢各位参与今天的电话会议以及对我们的大力支持。我们感谢各位的关注,并期待在下个季度向各位汇报进展。谢谢。
Yan Li
Thank you, operator, and thank you all for participating in today's call and for your support. We appreciate your interest and look forward to reporting to you again next quarter on progress. Thank you.
Operator
今天的电话会议到此结束。感谢各位的参与。您现在可以挂断电话了。
Operator
This does conclude today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.